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← Chapter 18: The Yoga of Liberation through Renunciation

Verse 18.15

Speaker: Krishna

Sanskrit

शरीरवाङ्मनोभिर्यत्कर्म प्रारभते नरः | न्याय्यं वा विपरीतं वा पञ्चैते तस्य हेतवः ||१५||

Transliteration (IAST)

śarīra-vāṅ-manobhir yat karma prārabhate naraḥ | nyāyyaṁ vā viparītaṁ vā pañcaite tasya hetavaḥ ||15||

Word-by-Word Meanings

śarīra-body
vāk-speech
manobhiḥ-by the mind
karma-action
prārabhate-undertakes
nyāyyam-right/proper
viparītam-wrong/contrary
pañca ete-these five
hetavaḥ-causes

Translation

Whatever action a person performs by body, speech, or mind - whether right or wrong - these five are its causes.

Commentary

Krishna extends the five-factor analysis to all actions regardless of their moral quality. Shankaracharya emphasizes that even sinful actions require the same five factors, proving that the self alone cannot be the sole cause. Ramanuja notes that this verse covers the three instruments of action (body, speech, mind) and applies universally to righteous and unrighteous deeds alike.

Themes

jnanakarma