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← Chapter 16: The Yoga of the Division between the Divine and Demoniac Natures

Verse 16.17

Speaker: Krishna

Sanskrit

आत्मसम्भाविताः स्तब्धा धनमानमदान्विताः | यजन्ते नामयज्ञैस्ते दम्भेनाविधिपूर्वकम् ||१७||

Transliteration (IAST)

ātma-sambhāvitāḥ stabdhā dhana-māna-madānvitāḥ | yajante nāma-yajñais te dambhenāvidhi-pūrvakam ||17||

Word-by-Word Meanings

ātma-sambhāvitāḥ-self-conceited
stabdhāḥ-obstinate/stiff
dhana-māna-mada-anvitāḥ-intoxicated by wealth and pride
yajante-they perform sacrifice
nāma-yajñaiḥ-sacrifices in name only
dambhena-with hypocrisy
avidhi-pūrvakam-without following proper rules

Translation

Self-conceited, obstinate, intoxicated by wealth and pride, they perform sacrifices in name only, with hypocrisy and without following proper scriptural injunctions.

Commentary

Shankaracharya explains that nāma-yajña means sacrifice that has only the name without the substance - performed for show rather than spiritual benefit. Ramanuja notes that avidhi-pūrvakam (without proper procedure) indicates their disregard for śāstra, making their rituals spiritually void. Madhva emphasizes that true sacrifice requires humility and devotion, both of which the demoniac lack.

Themes

dharmakarma