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Verse 2.20

Speaker: Krishna

Sanskrit

न जायते म्रियते वा कदाचिन् नायं भूत्वा भविता वा न भूयः। अजो नित्यः शाश्वतोऽयं पुराणो न हन्यते हन्यमाने शरीरे॥

Transliteration (IAST)

na jāyate mriyate vā kadācin nāyaṁ bhūtvā bhavitā vā na bhūyaḥ ajo nityaḥ śāśvato 'yaṁ purāṇo na hanyate hanyamāne śarīre

Word-by-Word Meanings

na jāyate-is not born
na mriyate-does not die
ajaḥ-unborn
nityaḥ-eternal
śāśvataḥ-permanent
purāṇaḥ-ancient/primeval

Translation

The Self is never born, nor does it ever die. Having come into being, it will never cease to be. It is unborn, eternal, permanent, and primeval. It is not slain when the body is slain.

Commentary

This is one of the most celebrated verses of the Gita, directly echoing Katha Upanishad 1.2.18. It provides the most complete description of the Self's nature: beyond birth and death, beyond time and change. The six negations (na jāyate, na mriyate, etc.) systematically deny every form of modification to the Self.

Themes

atmanjnanamoksha